Çamlıca Camii’nin evrensel tasarım kapsamında değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bireyin bedensel özelliklerine göre kentlerde hareket imkân bulamaması erişilebilirlik düzeyinde zorluklar çıkardığı için, sosyal hayattan kopmaları meydana getirmektedir. Engelli bireylerin kent yaşamı içinde kısıtlamalar olmaksızın hareket edebilmeleri, ulaşım imkânlarını kullanabilmeleri vb. yaşamsal haklara sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Toplumda mekânların her türlü fiziksel gereksinimi karşılamak üzere tasarımlarının yapılması ve her türlü kullanıcıya hizmet verebilmesi toplumsal bütünleşme rolü taşırken aynı zamanda sosyal hayatta var olabilmeleri erişilebilir tasarımlar yapılarak mümkün hale getirilmektedir. İbadet bireyin en temel hak ve özgürlüklerindendir. Engelli bireyler evrensel tasarım kriterlerine uyulmadığı için yapılan tasarımlarda ibadethane içerisine dış mekânda farklı seviyeler bulunduğu için yardımsız girememektedir. Bu durum bağımsız olarak hareket imkânı verilmeyen bireyin zamanla toplumdan kendisini soyutlamasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada evrensel tasarım kriterleri bağlamında camiler için gerekli tasarım kriterleri belirlenerek ölçüler belirtilmiştir. Çamlıca Camii’nin her bireye yönelik erişilebilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çamlıca Camii’nin incelenen mekanları doğrultusunda literatür taraması yapılan evrensel tasarım ilkelerinin hangilerini ne ölçüde karşıladığı gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

There are almost 8.5 million disabled people in our country; many problems are seen in reaching from one place to another and when individuals use urban spaces alone without assistance. Therefore, they have difficulty performing their daily activities in the city and participating in society. Making transportation, the physical environment, and its elements (roads, pavements, public buildings, parks, etc.) accessible to people with disabilities, which is the biggest obstacle, is essential in terms of quality of life. Disabled individuals live in need of someone else's help because of the difficulties they experience in the environment. Individuals who cannot get on the bus on their own, cannot go to places of worship, and cannot access government offices are affected psychologically and isolate themselves from the social environment. It is of great importance to make designs that can respond without restrictions for each individual.

The concept of belief, which emerged from the first human being, will always exist throughout the history of humanity and will continue to affect people's lives both spiritually and physically. Religions have rituals of worship. Buildings are created where people come together to worship both individually and collectively, and these places are described as places of worship. Christians believe that there is only one Creator gather in churches on Sundays, Jews in synagogues on Saturdays, Muslims in mosques on Fridays for Friday prayers, and places of worship for prayers five times a day. Places of worship are holy places where people who want to live their religious beliefs go and perform religious rituals. Every person who believes in religion should have access to places of worship and have the right to worship, and necessary arrangements should be made in line with the needs of individuals. The primary purpose of the design is to ensure that all buildings and their immediate surroundings are accessible to people with disabilities and mobility impairments. The concept of universal design aims at designs that are for everyone and that everyone can access equally. In the context of religious belief, each individual must have access to religious structures to live their faith. The concept of universal design, which is one of the most critical issues in today's designs, should also find its place in the designs of places of worship.

In this study, the accessibility of people with disabilities to worship in the Çamlıca Mosque Complex was examined indoors and outdoors. As a result of the study, it was observed that the mosque was designed in a way that everyone could access by considering the universal design principles. The fact that directions and guideways are made and that everyone can reach each floor with stairs, ramps, and elevators shows that standards are taken care of.