İşletmelerin Kriz Yönetimi ve Stratejileri: Sağlık İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama

Abstract

GİRİŞ: Bir çok araştırmacı krizle ilgili tanımlamalar yapmıştır. Ataman (2002) krizi; “Örgütün ana amaçlarını tehdit eden; örgütün tamamının varlığına tehlike oluşturan, kaynağının belirsiz olması ve kısıtlı zaman gibi sebeplerle örgüt üyelerine gerilim yaratan durum” olarak tanımlamıştır. Ekonomik anlamda krizler; herhangi bir mal, hizmet, faktör ya da döviz piyasasındaki fiyat ve miktarlarda alışılmış bir değişim, olağan üstü dalgalanmalar diye değerlendirilmektedir (Büyükşalvarcı, 2011; Özarslan ve Diker, 2020). Kriz; organizasyonların ödeme yapabilme gücü ve performanslarını etkileyen, beklenmedik ve acil olaylar olarak tanımlanabilmektedir (Jimenez, 2001). Krizin Temel Özellikleri; • Kriz, ani bir değişikliği ve önceden sezilmeyen durumu ifade etmektedir. • Yöneticiler standart karar mekanizmaları ile krize gereken cevabı veremezler. • Kriz, örgütün standart olan karar mekanizmalarıyla aşılamayacağından, acil müdahale gerekmesi ve bunun da karar alacaklarda gerilimin artırmasına yol açmasıdır (Can, 1994; Deniz ve Sağlam, 2007).

Businesses face large or small-scale crises throughout their activities. The concept of crisis has become a part of life over time and thus among the leading issues of today. Although economic and financial reasons come to one’s mind first, political problems, natural disasters, problems arising from managerial crisis, social events, waste of resources, domestic and foreign debt burdens can also lead to a crisis. For this reason, there are various definitions of crisis in the literature. It is vital for corporates throughout their life cycle to promptly respond to the causes that lead to the crisis. Prompt decision-making accounts for the most significant part in the course of crisis, primarily due to limited time available. The decisions taken should be well analyzed, depending on the personnel structure within the business, financial and financial resources, products-portfolio and market structure. In this study, which was conducted to evaluate the vital decisions that businesses make during the crisis, in particular, when the crisis occurs, what kind of crisis it is, and how prepared the business is to fight the crisis, were addressed. Within the scope of the study, first, the theoretical framework and literature review on with regard to crisis, crisis management, crisis and emergency were presented. The study, next, focused on the authentic cases of how private hospitals and health institutions reacted in these crisis, and what preparations were made before, during and post- the crisis. It, then, investigated on how satisfactory the measures taken during and post the crisis were. And finally, the study analyzed these Crisis and emergency strategies employed by private hospitals and health institutions. The most common strategy of health institutions was a change in the organizational structure of the enterprise and the number of employees by 46.6%. In the event of a crisis, 64.4% of the first things to do were determined as acting according to the process and providing motivation by recording all the developments of the crisis. It was observed that the type of crisis that health institutions experienced the most was the economic crisis. This was followed in turn by the technical crisis, disaster and organizational crisis. In addition, 82.2% of the reasons for the crisis were found to be lack of management and planning, legal changes and organizational problems, respectively.